Unit 7 Hoping for the better
Section A
7-2 Text A: When honesty disappears
Pre-reading activities
1) B. I don't feel like being too direct or too frank. I might say the color is good or the style is nice. But I wouldn't say the jacket is awful because I don't want to hurt my friend. However, if it is a close friend of mine, I may tell him / her directly the new jacket is awful and why I think so.
2) B. When I don't want to go to my friend's party for some reason, I would definitely decline the invitation, but with a reasonable excuse. After all, the friend is being nice to invite me and I don't want to appear rude. So, I would make an excuse, for example, I would say that I have another appointment.
3) A. If I haven't finished an assignment in time, I would tell the professor the truth and explain the reasons. I would then ask for a few more days to finish it. I think the professor would agree because of my honesty. But I will try to submit my assignments in time in the future.
4) 4. A. Actually, this happened to me once. I told the cashier that one item had not been charged. I wouldn't feel comfortable to keep such a windfall.
Reading comprehension
Reading comprehension-1
1) He was asked to leave the university permanently.
2) The possible reason is the increasing pressure that comes from the importance of having a university degree.
3) The Internet makes it very easy and simple for a student to fake a term paper because of the easy access to illegal resources online.
4) The Internet was once hailed as the ultimate learning tool.
5) They use anti-plagiarism software and have very strict policies regarding cheating and plagiarism.
6) Test monitors asked students to show their photo ID card.
7) The historical story about Abraham Lincoln emphasizes the absolute value of honesty.
8) The author's purpose in writing this essay is to call on people to act honestly and trust each other because the future of our society depends on mutual trust.
Reading comprehension-2
1) People tell lies for various reasons. Some people lie to get something they want or get out of trouble. For instance, children may fake a stomachache in order to skip school, or lie about their poor grades for fear of being punished. Some people tell lies because they don't want to upset others. Seldom do we say to our friends that their hairstyle looks awful or we don't like their gifts. But the worst reason for people to lie is that some people get into the habit of lying.
2) Yes, I consider myself an honest person. Being honest is to be straightforward and tell the truth. I'm up to these standards. I don't tell lies and I'm sincere to other people. I never say things to people if I don't mean it; I never make up things that are not true; I never lie to people in order to get myself out of trouble.
3) Yes, I think signing an Honesty Declaration will effectively prevent cheating in exams. The declaration is a reminder to students that they have promised to do the right thing, and they should keep their promise as an honest person.
No, I don't think so. I doubt the effectiveness of signing an Honesty Declaration, and I don't think it will help promote honest behavior during exams. If students are honest, they will be honest even without signing the declaration. If they are not honest, they will cheat anyway.
4) Yes, I think people who tell white lies are still honest. White lies are harmless and well-meant. We tell white lies not to cheat others or benefit ourselves; instead, we want to make others feel better. It's better to tell a white lie than hurt others' feelings.
No, I don't consider those who tell white lies to be honest. A lie is a lie. Well-meaning or not, if you tell white lies, you are not telling the truth. Being honest benefits everybody, while lying destroys trust among people. I'd rather hear a bad truth than a white lie.
5) Yes, I approve of doctors' not telling the truth to patients. Some patients are not strong-willed enough. The truth may make them collapse and lose hope, which is bad for their recovery.
No, I don't approve of that. Patients, if they are sane, have every right to know their own conditions and take part in making decisions. If the doctor hides the truth, it takes away the patient's right to know the truth, and there is a risk that decisions are probably made against the patient's will. In this sense, the patient is not being respected.
7-3 Text A: Language focus
Words in use
1. reveal
2. implying
3. accurate
4. exaggerated
5. eliminate
6. facilitate
7. frustrated
8. appropriate
9. conscious
10. launch
Word building: Practice
Word building: Practice-1
1) continual
2) emotion
3) industrial
4) partial
5) correspondence
6) innocent
7) presence
8) occurrence
9) intelligence
10) worthy
11) unity
12) inquire
Word building: Practice-2
1. correspondence
2. continual
3. partial
4. emotion
5. occurrences
6. innocent
7. worthy
8. industrial
9. presence
10. inquire
11. unity
12. intelligence
Banked cloze
1) admitted
2) career
3) expelled
4) pressure
5) satisfactory
6) available
7) browse
8) prevent
9) extensive
10) confront
Expressions in use
1. not to mention
2. turn in
3. rip off
4. cope with
5. launched a campaign
6. If this is the case,If that is the case
7. be confined to
8. descend into
7-4 Structure analysis & writing
Structure analysis: Practice
1) A
2) B
3) B
4) C
Structured writing: Practice
参考：My dorm is nice to live in. For example, it has a very convenient location. It is close to everything on campus. It only takes 5 minutes to walk to my classes, 8 minutes to the library, 15 minutes to the swimming pool, and only 2 minutes to the cafeteria. What's more, there are great facilities in the building. There is a laundry room, a gym, a TV room, and even an ATM machine. Most importantly, I like my roommates. We get along very well, and we have a lot of fun together. In one word, I love my dorm.
7-5 Translation
Translation
Translation-1
参考：在所有美国人的信念中，最基本、最强烈的信念可能就是崇尚个人自由。要理解美国人，最重要的也许就是了解他们对个人主义的热爱。生活中他们很早就开始受到教育，把自己看成独立的个体，对人生中自己的处境以及自己的前途命运负责。美国人认为自己的思想和行为高度个性化。他们不愿被视为任何同质群体的代表。如果确实加入了群体，他们也认为自己有特别之处，与同一个群体中的其他成员有着些许的差别。与美国人对个人主义赋予的价值紧密相关的是他们对个人隐私的重视。美国人认为，人需要有自己的时间或者有时间独处，用来思考事情，或者恢复他们所消耗的心理能量。美国人很难理解那些总想与人结伴、不爱独处的外国人。
Translation-2
参考：Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese virtues. "Harmony" is demonstrated in various aspects. In regard to interpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that "Harmony is most precious" and "A family that lives in harmony will prosper". A harmonious social environment can be created based on these principles. As for relations between human beings and nature, people should learn to understand, respect and protect nature. Harmony is essential to interpersonal relations, relations between human beings and society, as well as between human beings and nature. Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing talented personnel. With the development of China's society, economy and culture, the idea of "harmony" goes even deeper into people's hearts. China is on its way toward the goal of building a harmonious socialist society.
Section B
7-6 Reading skills
Practice
1) B
2) C
3) B
4) D
7-7 Text B: Rays of hope in rising rudeness
Reading comprehension
Reading comprehension-1
1) B
2) C
3) D
4) C
5) D
6) A
7) D
8) B
Reading comprehension-2
1) Apart from the reasons mentioned in the text, I think some people are impolite and rude due to the following reasons:
Parents do not teach their children good manners. Moreover, some parents do not have good manners themselves, so their children follow bad examples;
Schools do not teach manners nowadays. Schools teach math, science, history and foreign languages, but ignore good manners and decent behavior;
Some people are self-centered and not sensitive to other people's feelings. They say or do something rude without knowing that it is hurtful;
Some people regard themselves superior to others, and they are too proud of themselves to respect other people.
2) Being polite and kind to other people can improve your relationship with others and make life happier for others as well as for you because it can:
make others feel good about themselves because they are treated in a polite way;
make you feel better about yourself because you behave nicely;
make others like you more because you are a nice person;
make others respect you more because your politeness makes you a respectable person;
bring people closer to you, for they will see you as someone worthy of their time and attention.
3) If everyone were rude and dishonest, the world would become a terrible place. People would feel unhappy if they were treated in a rude and dishonest way. Nobody would trust anyone else; nobody would have a real friend. Banks and companies would go out of business who would dare to put money in these banks or do business with these companies if they are rude and dishonest? Without politeness and honesty, society would fall apart and people would live a chaotic and miserable life.
4) Everyone can do their share to promote politeness and understanding between people. For example, we can:
smile to the people we meet. A smile on my face will make others smile too;
say nice words to others. Nice words make people happy and nice;
be ready to offer help help people in need, including strangers;
always treat people the way we'd like to be treated. If we're nice to others, they will be nice to us.
5) It depends. For example, if someone speaks loudly on his cell phone on the street, or elbows me aside in a crowd, I would ignore them. But if it's in a public place like the library, I will choose to correct them. I once confronted a person who spoke loudly during a Peking opera performance, a person who cut in line at a ticket office, and a person who didn't clean up her dog's droppings. I spoke out and asked them to correct their misbehavior.
7-8 Text B: Language focus
Words in use
1. encountered
2. switch
3. complaints
4. volunteered
5. perceive
6. prevail
7. ignorant
8. prompt
9. threaten
10. randomly
Expressions in use
1) cropped up
2) cut in line
3) pointed to
4) play an
5) role in
6) go beyond
7) show up
8) gave chase
9) mind your own business
10) live with
11) pass
12) on to
Sentence structure
Sentence structure-1
1. whether the couple are of the same race or not
2. whether or not to read it more carefully
3. Whether the invention can lead to commercial success or not
Sentence structure-2
1) Hardly a day goes by without news reports in the media about terrible accidents or natural disasters.
2) Hardly a week goes by without some advance in technology that would have seemed incredible 50 years ago.
3) Hardly a month went by without Tony taking a business trip abroad and coming back with contracts.
7-9 Collocation
Practice
1) traditional
2) values
3) eliminate
4) cheating
5) undesirable
6) effect
7) ill
8) effects
9) Widespread
10) dishonesty
11) fakes
12) term
13) paper
14) purchase
15) receipt
16) illegal
17) resources
18) mutual
19) trust
20) academic
21) environments
22) durable
23) bonds
24) ultimate
25) nightmare
