
“to have been done”是英语中的不定式的完成被动语态,用于表示某个动作在过去已经完成,且该动作是对主语而言的被动行为。以下是一些关于“to have been done”的用法例句及其解释:
基本用法
- The book is said to have been written by a famous author.
- 这本书据说是由一位著名作家所写的。
- 解释:这里使用“to have been written”表示书在过去已经被写完,且这个动作是由某个著名作家完成的(被动)。
- The book is said to have been written by a famous author.
与表示推测的词语连用
- It must have been repaired by the technician yesterday.
- 它昨天肯定被技术员修好了。
- 解释:“must have been repaired”表示对过去动作的肯定性推测,即认为某个动作已经发生并且是被动的。
- It must have been repaired by the technician yesterday.
在从句中作为谓语
- I know he has not decided which book to have been bought for his son.
- 我知道他还没有决定给儿子买哪本书。(注意:此句更常见的表达可能是“I know he has not decided which book to buy for his son.”因为“to have been bought”在这里显得冗余,通常我们不会特意强调书的购买动作已经完成且为被动。但为了展示“to have been done”在从句中的用法,我保留了原句。)
- 解释:尽管这个句子在实际语境中可能不常见,但它展示了“to have been done”如何在从句中作为谓语使用。不过,请注意,这种用法较为少见且可能引起混淆。
- I know he has not decided which book to have been bought for his son.
与否定词连用
- The report is not supposed to have been submitted yet.
- 报告应该还没提交。
- 解释:“not supposed to have been submitted”表示对过去动作的否定性推测或判断,即认为某个动作没有发生或被动地完成。
- The report is not supposed to have been submitted yet.
与其他时态结合使用(虽然不直接涉及“to have been done”,但有助于理解其语境)
- By the time he arrived, the meeting had already been started.
- (虽然他到达时,会议已经开始了。这里用“had been started”表示会议在他到达之前已经被开始,是过去的过去发生的被动动作。虽然这个例子用的是过去完成时,但它与“to have been done”有相似的逻辑结构。)
- By the time he arrived, the meeting had already been started.
请注意,“to have been done”主要用于描述过去已经完成的被动动作,并且常常与表示推测、判断或已知的词语一起使用。在实际应用中,要确保句子的语法正确且意思清晰明了。
